
Tools to “hedge your bets” against emerging pest and pathogen attacks on forests
The risk of introducing non-native Pests and Pathogens (PnPs) into Europe has increased exponentially since the 1800s1 . The main reasons are, on the one hand the rise in trade transporting plant material or wood products, and on the other hand the effect of the weakening of ecosystems and favourable conditions for pest and pathogens […]